Proposal for the Location of a Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility for a Metropolitan Region

Only 16 of the 246 municipalities of Goiás State, Brazil, dispose their municipal solid waste (MSW) in licensed landfills. Therefore, this study proposes the host municipality (HM) of the future shared MSW management facility (MSWMF), serving the Metropolitana de Goiânia (MGyn) microregion. First, the potential areas to construct MSW final disposal facilities (landfills) were identified. Subsequently, using mass point geometry, the HM of the proposed MSWMF for MGyn was defined. The results show that only 19.4% of the area of the studied municipalities is available or subject to approval for landfill construction. The HM will be Aparecida de Goiânia, which will process most of the MSW and send the rejects of treated MSW to the landfill that will be established in the neighboring municipality of Hidrolândia. Additionally, this MSWMF will serve 19 municipalities and will have nine waste transfer stations that will receive waste from 17 municipalities, to minimize MSW transport costs.Apenas 16 dos 246 municípios do Estado de Goiás, Brasil, dispõem seus resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU) em aterros licenciados. Assim, este estudo propôs o município sede (MS) do futuro sistema de gestão de RSU (SGRSU) compartilhado para a microrregião Metropolitana de Goiânia (MGyn). Primeiramente identificaram-se potenciais áreas para instalar sistemas de disposição final de RSU (aterros). Posteriormente, utilizando-se a metodologia da geometria das massas, definiu-se o MS do SGRSU proposto para a MGyn. Os resultados mostram que apenas 19,4% da área dos municípios estudados é livre ou sujeita à anuência para instalar aterros. O MS será Aparecida de Goiânia, que tratará a maior parte dos RSU e enviará os rejeitos dos RSU tratados para o município vizinho de Hidrolândia. Além disso, este SGRSU servirá 19 municípios e terá nove estações de transferência que receberão os resíduos de 17 municípios, para minimizar os custos com o transporte dos RSU

Prevalência e fatores associados à ansiedade, depressão e estresse numa equipe de enfermagem COVID-19

Objetivo: Investigar os níveis de ansiedade, depressão e estresse e seus fatores associados, entre profissionais de enfermagem que compõem a equipe que atua na unidade COVID19 de um Hospital Universitário na região sul-brasileira. Método: Estudo exploratório, descritivo, transversal realizado de maio a julho de 2020. Resultados: Do total de profissionais, 53,8% apresentaram ansiedade; 38,4% depressão; e 40,3%, estresse. Idade, tempo de serviço na profissão, satisfação no trabalho e turno de trabalho apresentaram associação estatisticamente significativa com a depressão, enquanto o contrato de trabalho, tempo de serviço no HU, tempo de serviço na unidade anterior à abertura da unidade COVID-19 e satisfação no trabalho apresentaram associação significativa com o estresse. Conclusões: Os profissionais de enfermagem da equipe COVID-19 apresentam níveis importantes de ansiedade, depressão e estresse, sendo que os fatores associados à depressão e ao estresse foram identificados. Palavras-chave: Ansiedade. Depressão. Estresse ocupacional. Infecções por coronavírus. Fatores de risco

Basal levels of inorganic elements, genetic damages, and hematological values in captive Falco peregrinus

It is essential to determine the basal pattern of different biomarkers for future evaluation of animal health and biomonitoring studies. Due to their great displacement capacity and to being at the top of their food chains, birds of prey are suitable for monitoring purposes. Furthermore, some birds of prey are adapted to using resources in urban places, providing information about this environment. Thus, this study determined the basal frequency of micronuclei and other nuclear alterations in peripheral blood erythrocytes of Falco peregrinus. Hematological and inorganic elements analysis were also performed. For this purpose, 13 individuals (7 females and 6 males) were sampled in private breeding grounds. Micronucleus, nuclear buds, nucleoplasmic bridges, notched nuclei, binucleated cells and nuclear tails were quantified. Inorganic elements detected included the macro-elements Ca, P, Mg, Na, Cl, S and K as well as the micro-elements Fe, Al and Zn. Our study found similar values compared to previous studies determining the reference ranges of hematologic parameters in falcons. The only different value was observed in the relative number of monocytes. Thus, this study is the first approach to obtaining reference values of cytogenetic damage in this species and could be useful for future comparisons in biomonitoring studies

EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE NA ONCOLOGIA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DE LITERATURA

The rise in cancer casualties shocks due to its magnitude, and requires, among other actions, that educational practices be deployed to contribute to the promotion of health, prevention and early detection of illnesses. Such practices should be anchored on a broad understanding of health and health education. Objective: to identify – in health studies publications – how health education has been approached in oncology. Method: an integrative review, where data was gathered on the Lilacs and Scielo databases, using the key expressions Education and Cancer, Education and Oncology. Outcomes: 21 papers were selected; The systematized themes were: health education for the prevention and early diagnosis of cancer and health education for self-care. The analyzed papers consider that people are unaware of the actions for the prevention and early detection of cancer, conveyed in the educational interventions aimed for that purpose. Results: Educational practices are important and should come with adequate life conditions which enable the subject to engage in healthy habits that promote health and prevent cancers.  El aumento de los casos de cáncer en el mundo es preocupante por su magnitud y requiere, entre otras acciones, que las prácticas educativas sean inseridas para contribuir a la promoción de la salud, la prevención y la detección temprana de la enfermedad anclado en una visión amplia de la educación en salud. Objetivo: Identificar las publicaciones científicas de salud como se ha discutido la educación sanitaria en oncología. Método: Se trata de una revisión integradora, en la que las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos Lilacs y Scielo, con la educación y el cáncer, Educación y Oncología. Resultados: Seleccionaron 21 publicaciones; las temáticas se sistematizaron: educación para la salud para la prevención y el diagnóstico precoz del cáncer y educación para la salud para el autocuidado. Los estudios consideran que las personas no son conscientes de las acciones de prevención y detección precoz del cáncer, expresadas en las intervenciones educativas para este propósito. Conclusión: Las actividades educativas son importantes y deben estar vinculadas a condiciones de vida adecuadas que permiten al sujeto elegir  prácticas sanas de promoción de la salud y la prevención del cáncer.  O aumento dos casos de câncer no mundo preocupa pela sua magnitude e exige, dentre outras ações, que práticas educativas sejam realizadas para contribuir com a promoção da saúde, prevenção e detecção precoce da doença; ancoradas numa concepção ampliada de saúde e educação em saúde. Objetivo: identificar em publicações científicas da área da saúde como tem sido abordada a educação em saúde na oncologia. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, em que as buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados Lilacs e Scielo, com os descritores Educação e Câncer, Educação e Oncologia. Resultados: Foram selecionadas 21 publicações das quais foram sistematizadas as seguintes temáticas: educação em saúde para a prevenção e diagnóstico precoce de câncer e educação em saúde para o autocuidado. Os estudos consideram que as pessoas desconhecem as ações de prevenção e detecção precoce de câncer, expressa nas intervenções educativas voltadas para este fim. Conclusão: As ações educativas são importantes e devem estar associadas às condições adequadas de vida que possibilitem ao sujeito a escolha de práticas saudáveis de promoção da saúde e prevenção do câncer. &nbsp

New insights regarding HCV-NS5A structure/function and indication of genotypic differences

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>HCV is prevalent throughout the world. It is a major cause of chronic liver disease. There is no effective vaccine and the most common therapy, based on Peginterferon, has a success rate of ~50%. The mechanisms underlying viral resistance have not been elucidated but it has been suggested that both host and virus contribute to therapy outcome. Non-structural 5A (NS5A) protein, a critical virus component, is involved in cellular and viral processes.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The present study analyzed structural and functional features of 345 sequences of HCV-NS5A genotypes 1 or 3, using <it>in silico </it>tools.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There was residue type composition and secondary structure differences between the genotypes. In addition, second structural variance were statistical different for each response group in genotype 3. A motif search indicated conserved glycosylation, phosphorylation and myristoylation sites that could be important in structural stabilization and function. Furthermore, a highly conserved integrin ligation site was identified, and could be linked to nuclear forms of NS5A. ProtFun indicated NS5A to have diverse enzymatic and nonenzymatic activities, participating in a great range of cell functions, with statistical difference between genotypes.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study presents new insights into the HCV-NS5A. It is the first study that using bioinformatics tools, suggests differences between genotypes and response to therapy that can be related to NS5A protein features. Therefore, it emphasizes the importance of using bioinformatics tools in viral studies. Data acquired herein will aid in clarifying the structure/function of this protein and in the development of antiviral agents.</p

Genetic diversity of NS5A protein from hepatitis C virus genotype 3a and its relationship to therapy response

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The quasispecies nature of HCV may have important implications for viral persistence, pathogenicity and resistance to antiviral agents. The variability of one of the viral proteins, NS5A, is believed to be related to the response to IFN therapy, the standard treatment for infection. In this study we analyzed the quasispecies composition of NS5A protein in patients infected with HCV genotype 3a, before IFN therapy.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Viral RNA was isolated from samples of 12 patients: four sustained virological responders (SVR), four non-responders (NR), and four end-of-treatment responders (ETR). cDNA was synthesized, the NS5A region was amplified and the fragments obtained were cloned. Fifteen clones from each patient were sequenced with eight primers, generating 179 contigs.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Higher values for substitution (either synonymous or non-synonymous) and for distance were found in the SVR group. However, the NR group showed relatively more non-synonymous mutations than the other groups, owing to the higher values of dN/dS in complete NS5A and most specific regions. Overall, NS5A protein is undergoing purifying selection, since all dN/dS ratios values are below 0.5.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our study provides an overview of the genetic variability of complete NS5A protein in HCV genotype 3a.</p